Time

K/B

(n=30)

B/S

(n=30)

^P-value

Effect of ketamine relative to Bupivacaine

Mean±SEM

95% CI

Heart rate (beat/minute)

Baseline

74.3±2.9

73.4±3.5

0.271

0.9±0.8

-0.7–2.6

IP, minute-5

81.1±2.7

76.0±3.6

<0.001*

5.1±0.8

3.4–6.7

IP, minute-10

89.2±2.3

80.7±3.1

<0.001*

8.5±0.7

7.1–9.9

IP, minute-15

96.9±2.5

83.1±3.4

<0.001*

13.7±0.8

12.2–15.3

IP, minute-30

101.3±2.5

84.8±3.0

<0.001*

16.5±0.7

15.1–17.9

IP, operation end

105.5±3.4

85.7±4.1

<0.001*

19.9±1.0

17.9–21.8

PO, minute-5

106.1±2.9

86.9±3.3

<0.001*

19.1±0.8

17.5–20.7

PO, minute-15

106.4±2.8

86.6±3.0

<0.001*

19.8±0.8

18.3–21.3

PO, minute-30

103.1±2.9

84.4±3.1

<0.001*

18.7±0.8

17.1–20.3

Mean blood pressure (mmHg)

Baseline

71.9±3.2

71.3±2.5

0.447

0.6±0.7

-0.9–2.0

IP, minute-5

81.1±3.7

70.4±2.7

<0.001*

10.8±0.8

9.1–12.4

IP, minute-10

88.9±3.3

66.7±2.7

<0.001*

22.2±0.8

20.6–23.8

IP, minute-15

95.3±3.3

66.8±2.7

<0.001*

28.5±0.8

27.0–30.0

IP, minute-30

99.5±3.6

65.7±3.3

<0.001*

33.8±0.9

32.0–35.6

IP, operation end

103.4±2.5

64.6±3.5

<0.001*

38.8±0.8

37.3–50.4

PO, minute-5

104.8±4.3

68.9±3.6

<0.001*

36.0±1.0

33.9–38.0

PO, minute-15

103.4±3.0

71.4±2.9

<0.001*

32.0±0.8

30.5–33.5

PO, minute-30

102.8±4.3

75.5±3.6

<0.001*

27.4±1.0

25.3–29.4

Oxygen saturation (%)

Baseline

99.5±0.5

99.6±0.5

0.447

-0.1±0.1

-0.4–0.2

IP, minute-5

99.0±0.6

99.1±0.6

0.521

-0.1±0.2

-0.4–0.2

IP, minute-10

99.2±0.6

99.3±0.5

0.451

-0.1±0.1

-0.4–0.2

IP, minute-15

99.3±0.5

99.1±0.5

0.142

0.2±0.1

-0.1–0.5

IP, minute-30

99.1±0.3

99.0±0.2

0.168

0.1±0.1

-0.1–0.2

IP, operation end

99.0±0.5

99.0±0.6

0.999

0.0±0.1

-0.3–0.3

PO, minute-5

99.3±0.6

99.3±0.7

0.999

0.0±0.2

-0.3–0.3

PO, minute-15

99.3±0.5

99.1±0.5

0.147

0.2±0.1

-0.1–0.5

PO, minute-30

99.4±0.5

99.2±0.5

0.203

0.2±0.1

-0.1–0.4