Table 4: Differences in concentrations of biomarkers between pairs of 10⁶-fold diluted urine mixture samples for healthy volunteers, patients with bladder cancer, and patients with prostate cancer.

Peak#	Compound	Healthy volunteers		Bladder cancer (post-antibiotic pro.)			Bladder cancer		Prostate cancer (endocrine therapy)		Prostate cancer
Peak#	Compound	H1–3	H4–6		post-TUR K:U_m^&	pre-TUR K:U_m^¶	post-TUR N:U_m^¶	pre-TUR N:U_m^§	post-RP Pe:U_m^†	pre-RP Pe:U_m^‡	post-RP P:U_m*	pre-RP P:U_m**
Concentration (ppq) in the 10⁶-fold diluted urine mixture sample for behavioural assay
81	Phenol	49	30	1.0		16	3.3	6.1	25	95	22	30
101	Dimethyl succinate	0.59	0.54	0.011		0.32	0.20	0.08	0.59	2.6	0.84	1.3
104	Acetophenone	0.86	0.68	0.014		0.13	0.11	0.05	1.1	3.0	1.2	1.0
109	2-Phenyl-2-propanol	2.0	2.5	0.041		0.57	0.21	0.09	2.7	8.3	3.6	3.2
119	3,5,5-Trimethyl-2-cyclohexenone	0.14	0.09	0.70		0.02	0.03	0.00	5.1	13	8.9	5.8
123	Dimethyl glutarate	3.8	3.2	0.006		0.51	0.43	0.17	2.0	10	3.9	5.4
129	2,6-Xylidine	not determined due to a significant desorption-resistant amount
152	Piperitone	0.83	3.4	0.000		0.24	0.029	0.011	0.62	1.2	0.14	0.92
155	2-Hydroxy-2-methylprophenone	2.0	1.3	0.004		0.29	0.28	0.13	2.8	8.0	7.7	4.0
165	2,6-di(propan-2-yl)phenol	0.016	0.014	0.000		0.003	0.008	0.046	0.006	0.20	0.010	0.066
TUR: Transurethral Resection; RP: Radical Prostatectomy. Extra-dilution rates for equal-occult blood urine samples were 1/50** v/v, 1/2* v/v, 1/10^‡ v/v, 1/3^† v/v, 1/13^§ v/v, 1/6v/v, 1/500^& v/v. post-antibiotic pro., post-TUR K:U_m during antibiotic prophylaxis. All patient samples were mixtures of 25 urine samples (5 patients × 5 samples). >10-fold (red) and 2–10-fold (blue) increases from the peak height of the healthy volunteer in the original urine mixture samples U_ms were highlighted, as in (Table 3).