Study

Design

Patients with penetrating thoracic injury (n)

Cardiac Injuries confirmed at surgery (n)

Sensitivity

(%)

Specificity

(%)

False negative (n)

False positive

(n)

Serous Fluid Noted (n)

Ma et al. (’95) [16]

Prospective single center

245

6

100

99

0

1

NR

Meyer et al. (’95) [20]

Prospective single center

105

9

56

93

0

8

0

Nagy et al. (’95) [19]

Retrospective single center

121

12

96.8

100

0

15

11

Rozycki et al. (’96) [4]

Prospective single center

347

11

100

100

0

0

NR

Rozycki et al. (’98) [5]

Prospective single center

313

22

100

99

0

2

0

Rozycki et al. (‘99) [6]

Prospective multicenter

261

29

100

97

0

7

6

Bokhari et al. (’04) [17]

Prospective single center

49

NR

100

50

0

20

NR

Tayal et al. (’04) [18]

Prospective single center

32

8

100

100

0

0

NR

Nichol et al. (’15) [14]

Prospective single center

172

135

86.7

NR

18

35

NR