Gene

Species

Phenotypic effects of transgenic plants

Reference

Pyrroline-5-carboxylate

Synthetase (P5CS)

Rice

Transgenic rice plants showed better root growth and biomass development during 200 mM NaCl treatment

[65]

P5CS

Rice

Reduced oxidative stress under osmotic stress

[66]

P5CS

Wheat

Wheat transgenic plants showed enhanced proline levels and conferred salt tolerance

[67]

P5CS

Tobacco

P5CS product levels between control and water tolerated plants indicated an increase of proline under normal irrigation and under drought stress conditions

[68]

P5CS

Arabidopsis thaliana

Antisense plants showed hypersensitivity to osmotic stress and show morphological changes during non-stress condition

[69]

P5CS

Transgenic tobacco plant

Significant increase in chlorophyll, fresh weight, dry weight and carbohydrate contents in transgenic compared to the non-transgenic plants

[70]

P5CS

Tobacco (Nicotiana

tabacum cv. Wisconsin)

Overexpression of the P5CS gene in tobacco plants and consequent proline accumulation along with alleviation of CAT and APX activities increase drought tolerance in tobacco plants

[71]

P5CS cDNA from Arabidopsis

thaliana

Potato

Transgenic plants showed an enhanced accumulation of proline in presence of salt and also showed much less altered tuber yield and weight compared to the non-transgenic ones

[53]

P5CS129A

Rice (indica)

Transgenic (T1) plants showed enhanced level of proline under 150 mM NaCl stress and better biomass production and growth performance under salt stress

[54]

Vigna cDNA P5CS

Indica rice cultivar

ADT 43

Transgenic plants grew well in the presence of 200 mM NaCl, while control plants died within 10 days following treatment

[57]

OsP5CS1 and OsP5CS2 from Rice

Tobacco

Enhanced 3.2 times proline content, biomass production oxidative stress protection.

[55]

AtP5CS1

Arabidopsis thaliana

Proline accumulation under heat stress decreases the thermotolerance, probably by increased ROS production via the Pro/P5C cycle and inhibition of ABA and ethylene biosynthesis

[27]

Pyrroline-

5-carboxylate

Reductase (P5CR)

Soybean

Enhanced heat and drought stress

[72]

P5CR

Tobacco

Enhanced P5CR activity in transgenics did not yield signifi cant increase in proline level

[73]

P5CR

Soybean

Antisense plants produced low number of seeds

[72]

Proline

dehydrogenase

Arabidopsis thaliana

Altered levels of proline dehydrogenase conferred salt and freezing tolerance

[69]

Proline

dehydrogenase

Tobacco

Antisense plants showed increased proline content

[74]

Ornithine-δ-

aminotransferase

Tobacco

Overexpression increased proline biosynthesis and osmotolerance

[75]

Ornithine-δ-

aminotransferase

Rice

Overexpression increased proline 5–15 fold of that in non-transgenic control plants during osmotic stress and transgenic plants showed improved yield under stress conditions

[76]