Table 1: Characteristics of the study population.
|
|
Surgery group (n=144) |
Control group (n=200) |
p-value |
Valve surgery (n=88) |
Other surgery (n=55) |
p-value |
|
Age, year |
68.9±8.4 |
68.4±11.7 |
0.6 |
68.8±9.0 |
68.9±7.3 |
0.9 |
|
Male gender, n (%) |
87 (60.4) |
118 (59.0) |
0.8 |
45 (51.1) |
41 (74.6) |
0.008 |
|
Type of atrial fibrillation, n (%) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Paroxysmal |
48 (33.8) |
98 (49.0) |
0.01 |
22 (25.3) |
26 (47.3) |
0.008 |
|
Persistent |
24 (16.9) |
29 (14.50) |
0.01 |
14 (16.09) |
10 (18.2) |
0.008 |
|
Permanent |
70 (49.3) |
73 (36.5) |
0.01 |
51 (58.6) |
18 (32.7) |
0.006 |
|
Time interval since AF diagnosis, months |
36 (6-87.5) |
48 (12-120) |
0.3 |
48 (9.7-120) |
24 (3-60) |
0.2 |
|
Time interval since initiating the OAC, months |
10 (3-36) |
24 (7.7-72) |
0.0001 |
12 (4-48) |
5 (2-12) |
0.002 |
|
Comorbidities, n (%) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Heart failure |
77 (53.5) |
91 (45.5) |
0.1 |
53 (60.2) |
23 (41.8) |
0.03 |
|
Arterial hypertension |
128 (88.9) |
164 (82.0) |
0.09 |
78 (88.6) |
49 (89.1) |
1.00 |
|
Diabetes mellitus |
46 (31.9) |
65 (32.7) |
0.0005 |
22 (15.3) |
24 (43.6) |
0.04 |
|
Valve replacement |
6 (4.2) |
17 (8.5) |
0.10 |
6 (6.8) |
0 (0.0) |
0.08 |
|
Mitral stenosis |
6 (4.2) |
4 (2.0) |
0.0005 |
6 (6.8) |
0 (0.0) |
0.002 |
|
Prior myocardial infarction |
38 (26.4) |
42 (21.0) |
0.2 |
15 (17.1) |
22 (40.0) |
0.003 |
|
Prior stroke |
16 (11.1) |
21 (10.5) |
0.8 |
7 (8.0) |
9 (16.7) |
0.1 |
|
Prior TIA |
4 (2.8) |
7 (3.5) |
0.7 |
2 (2.3) |
2 (3.6) |
0.6 |
|
Vascular disease |
17 (11.8) |
72 (36.0) |
0.001 |
7 (7.9) |
10 (18.2) |
0.1 |
|
History of major bleeding |
12 (8.3) |
11 (5.5) |
0.3 |
1 (1.1) |
4 (7.3) |
1.0 |
|
Easy bruising |
55 (38.2) |
76 (38.0) |
1.00 |
39 (44.3) |
39 (44.3) |
0.07 |
|
Gingival bleeding |
14 (9.7) |
26 (13.0) |
0.3 |
10 (11.4) |
10 (11.4) |
0.5 |
AF: atrial fibrillation, OAC: oral anticoagulation, TIA: transient ischaemic attack. Data are given as mean± standard deviation, median (interquartile range), or number (percentages).