No.

References  

Study design

Population

Mean age &

Sample size

Intervention &

number of patients

Control &

number of patients

Findings

1

Beigel et al. [7, 8]

Phase 3,

multi-centre, randomised, double blind,

placebo-controlled trial

Severe COVID-19 patients.

684 males

379 females

Race – no. (%)

White: 565 (53.2)

Black: 219 (20.6)

Asian:134 (12.6)

American Indian:

7(0.7)

Others/unknown:

138(13.9)

58.9 years

&

1063 patients

-Intravenous remdesivir

200-mg loading dose on day 1, followed by a 100-mg maintenance dose daily on day 2 through 10, or until hospital discharge or death.

-541 patients.

-Placebo with

normal saline in European countries;

while opaque bag or tubing covered infusion in non-European countries.

-522 patients.

-Patients in remdesivir group had a shorter time to recovery than placebo group.

(median 11 days, compared with 15 days; rate ratio for recovery, 1.32; 95% CI 1.12 to 1.55, P<0.001)

-Lower estimated mortality in remdesivir group (7.1%) than placebo group (11.9%) on day 14. Hazard ratio for death was 0.70, 95% CI, 0.47 to 1.04)

-607 recovered patients (57%), with 334 in remdesivir group (31%) and 273 in placebo group (26%).

-Comparable percentage of severe events in both groups. (Remdesivir group 21.1% vs placebo group 27.0%)

-Fewer deaths in remdesivir group (32 deaths) than placebo group (54 deaths) by day 14

2

Goldman et al. [9]

Multi-centre, open-labelled randomised controlled trial

Severe COVID-19 patients.

253 males

144 females

Race – no. (%)

White: 276 (69.5)

Black: 44 (11.1)

Asian: 45 (11.3)

Others: 27 (6.8)

61.5 years

&

397 patients

-Intravenous remdesivir 200mg on day 1, then 100mg daily from day 2 to 5 once daily. 

-200 patients.

-Intravenous remdesivir 200mg on day 1, then 100mg daily from day 2 to 10 once daily.

-197 patients. 

-No significant difference between a 5-day course and 10-day course in patients with COVID-19 not requiring mechanical ventilation.

-Clinical improvement in 5-day course group (65%) is comparable to 10-day course group (54%), p=0.14.

-Median time to recovery in 5-day-course group is 10 days (IQR 6-18 days); while the median time for 10-day-course group is 11 days (IQR 7 days- days not possible to estimate).

-Higher discharge rate in 5-day-course group (60%) than the 10-day-course group (52%)

-Lower mortality rate in 5-day-course group (8%) than the 10-day-course group (11%).

3

Grein et al. [10]

Multi-centre

prospective cohort study

Severe COVID-19 patients.

27 males

34 females

Region of recruitment

no. (%):

US: 22 (42)

Japan: 9 (17)

Europe/Canada:

22 (42)

64.0 years

&

61 patients

-Intravenous remdesivir 200mg on day 1, then 100mg daily from day 2 to 10 once daily. 

-61 patients. 34 patients receiving invasive ventilation and 19 receiving non-invasive ventilation.

No control arm.

-Cumulative incidence of clinical improvement was 84% by day 28, 95% CI 70-99 by Kapalan-Meier analysis.

-Less frequent clinical improvement in patients receiving invasive ventilation than those with non-invasive ventilation. (Hazard ratio for improvement, 0.33; 95% CI 0.16 – 0.68)

-7 deaths (13%).

-25 patients (41%) were discharged.

-32 patients (60%) reported of adverse events, with 12 patients (23%) having its serious form.

4

Wang et al. [18]

Multi-centre, randomised, double blind,

placebo-controlled trial

Severe COVID-19 patients.

89 males

69 females

Ethnicity composition unspecified. The trial took place in China.

65.3 years

&

237 patients

-Intravenous remdesivir 200mg on day 1, then 100mg daily from day 2 to 10 once daily. 

-158 patients.

-Placebo infusion of same volume provided by Gilead Sciences for 10 days

-79 patients.

-No significant difference of median time to clinical improvement between remdesivir grop (21.0 days, IQR=13.0 – 28.0 days) and placebo group (23.0 days, IQR = 15.0 – 28.0 days). Hazard ratio was 1.27, 95% CI, 0.89 – 1.80 without statistical significance.

-Comparable mortality between remdesivir group (22 patients [14%]) and placebo group (10 patients [13%])

-137 discharged patients (58%), with 92 in remdesivir group (39%) and 45 in placebo group (19%).

-Numerically faster median time to clinical improvement in remdesivir group (18.0 days, IQR=12.0 – 28.0 days) vs placebo group (23.0 days, IQR=15.0 – 28.0); Hazard ratio 1.52, 95% CI 0.95-2.43)

-No significant difference in viral load of both upper and lower respiratory specimens since day 5 between 2 groups.

-Percentage of severe events was comparable in both groups. (Remdesivir group 66% vs placebo group 64%)

5

Antinori et al. [20]

Single-centre,

open-labelled prospective cohort study

Severe COVID-19 patients.

26 males

9 females

Ethnicity composition unspecified. The trial took place in Milan, Italy in March 2020.

63.0 years

&

35 patients

-Intravenous remdesivir 200mg on day 1, then 100mg daily from day 2 to 10 once daily. 

-35 patients. 18 in Intensive Care Unit (ICU), while 17 in Infectious Disease Ward (IDW).

No control arm

-Higher proportion of patients with improved hospitalization status in IDW cohort (88.2%) than ICU cohort (38.9%) by day 28.

-22 patients had a negative viral load after a median of 12 days (IQR 9.25 – 16.75) of initiation of remdesivir.

-20 patients (57%) were discharged, with 14 (40%) from ICU and 6 (17%) from IDW.

-8 treatment discontinuations due to adverse events.