Combined Toxicity of Copper, Cadmium and Lead Toward Daphnia magna: Recommendation for Bioassay-Based Whole Effluent Toxicity (WET) Testing in China

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Author Info

Lichao Wang Liqun Xing Jie Sun Liye Yang

Corresponding Author

Liqun Xing
Nanjing University & Yancheng Academy of Environmental Protection Technology and Engineering, Yancheng, China

A B S T R A C T

Metals cause popular attention worldwide due to their non-degradability and universal distribution in the aquatic ecosystem. In this study, the single, binary, and ternary combined toxicity of copper, cadmium, and lead toward survival rate of Daphnia magna were investigated based on different level fixed equivalenteffect concentration ratios. Furthermore, the combined toxicity was predicted by concentration addition and independent action models based on an established concentration-response relationship of a single toxicant and compared with the experimental data. The results indicated both binary and ternary mixture of the three metals had a strongly synergistic effect (EC50mix<1 TU) on the survival of Daphnia magna in all designed mixture ratios, which is meaning that there may be potential risks even when the single toxicant meets the discharged standards just based on chemical analysis. So, it is suggested that biological testing of whole effluents toxicity based on aquatic organisms should be applied in environment and risk management in China.

Article Info

Article Type

Research Article

Publication history

Received: Fri 27, Nov 2020
Accepted: Mon 14, Dec 2020
Published: Wed 23, Dec 2020

Copyright

© 2023 Liqun Xing. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Hosting by Science Repository.
DOI: 10.31487/j.JSO.2020.06.05