article = {JICOA-2020-1-109}
title = {Comparison of X-ray Doses for Child and Adult Patients Undergoing ASD Procedure}
journal = {Journal of Integrative Cardiology Open Access}
year = {2020}
issn = {2674-2489}
doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.31487/j.JICOA.2020.01.09}
url = {https://www.sciencerepository.org/comparison-of-x-ray-doses-for-child-and-adult-patients-undergoing_JICOA-2020-1-109 
author = {Ewelina  Pyszka,Izabela  Milcewicz-Mika,Krzysztof Sasak,Maria Anna Staniszewska,Michał  Gałeczka,Roland  Fiszer,}
keywords = {Interventional cardiology, doses, X-rays, angiography, adult patients, child patients}
abstract ={Objectives: Transcatheter atrial septal defect (ASD) closure is a well-established practice and has become
the method of choice, being safe and effective even in small children. Despite the fact that the radiation
exposure during percutaneous closure of ASD is comparatively low and the deterministic effects are rather
impossible, the potential stochastic effects (especially on young organisms) enforce a constant dose
reduction.
Material and Methods: The study compares the radiation exposure during ASD percutaneous closure
procedures performed in one tertiary centre in both children and adults with use of two angiographs: Artis
Zee made by Siemens and Allura Clarity made by Philips. The procedures were performed in a routine
fashion by a single well-experienced team. X-ray doses were evaluated experimentally using
thermoluminescent (TL) dosemeters made by Ladis Laboratory (Krakow, Poland). Patients during exposure
were imitating by the physical antropomorphic phantoms (CIRS, USA) representing adult man and 5-year
old child, respectively.
Results: As the results of measurements the doses absorbed in the volumes corresponding to particular
organs and body parts have been evaluated. Obtaining that, the effective doses (as a measure of future health
effects probability) were also computed according ICRP recommendations. The results were statistically
analyzed using non-parametric Wilcoxon' test sum of rank.
Conclusion: While the whole collection of organ doses from both angiographs do not differ
significantly as well for children as for adult patients, doses absorbed by certain organs differed
visibly from one angiograph to the other : namely, exposure by the Artis Zee in comparison to Allura
caused higher absorbed doses in organs located deeply in the trunk. Although ASD procedure belongs
to low-dose ones among interventional cardiology procedures, the doses to the lungs and the thoracic
spine for small children (ab. 5-years old) are higher than these for adult patients.}