article = {PDR-2020-3-105}
title = {Graphology: An Interface Between Biology, Psychology and Neuroscience}
journal = {Psychological Disorders and Research}
year = {2020}
issn = {2674-2470}
doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.31487/j.PDR.2020.03.05}
url = {https://www.sciencerepository.org/graphology-an-interface-between-biology-psychology-and-neuroscience_PDR-2020-3-105 
author = {Giuseppe  Marano,Gianandrea  Traversi,Eleonora  Gaetani,Gabriele  Sani,Salvatore  Mazza,Marianna  Mazza,}
keywords = { Graphology, handwriting, psychology, neurosciences, biology}
abstract ={Handwriting analysis dates back to many centuries ago. Graphology is a discipline that investigates
personality and intellect of the individual through writing, indeed handwriting of the human being is an
expression of his or her essence. Graphology examines a writing in order to extract unfiltered information
about innate temperament and subconscious nature of who has traced the letters. The present paper
highlights the historical and methodological approaches of graphology and its usefulness in human
knowledge in order to give a glimpse of the complexity of this discipline. We have gradually focused on the
description of the various fields with which, over time until today, the graphologists have dealt according
to experimental and epistemological methodologies along a spectrum that ranges from studies on the
character, the neuronal and biological correlates, the use in the forensic field, until to the contributions to
career counseling and personnel selection. This manuscript aims to provide a quantitative picture of the
handwriting analysis trying to combine insights from different sources and exploring conditions, limits and
possibilities of its subject matter and methods involved. Handwriting analysis draws reliable conclusions
about the spirit personality of a writer. We suppose that graphology and psychology could complement each
other, and in this perspective, we explore the hypothesis of the existence of a bidirectional relationship
between psychology, graphology and neuroscience which allows to gain insight into ourselves and others.}