TY - JOUR
AR - CEI-2020-2-106
TI - The Epidemiology of Zika Virus in the World: A Comprehensive Review Study
AU - Jamal, Ahmadzadeh
AU - Ghazal Akhavan , Masoumi
AU - Mohammad , Heidari
AU - Kazhal , Mobaraki
JO - Clinical and Experimental Investigations
PY - 2020
DA - Fri 21, Aug 2020
SN - 2674-5054
DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.31487/j.CEI.2020.02.06
UR - https://www.sciencerepository.org/the-epidemiology-of-zika-virus-in-the-world-a-comprehensive_CEI-2020-2-106 
KW - Zika virus, emerging infection, infectious diseases, worldwide
AB - Zika virus is an emerging public health threat. The large outbreak related to this infection was first reported
in 2007 in Yap Island. This virus is associated with microcephaly, Guillain Barre syndrome and some of the
presentations of Zika infection include fever, maculopapular rash, arthralgia, bilateral conjunctivas,
headache, arthritis/arthralgia with edema of tiny joints of feet and hands, retro-orbital pain, myalgia, asthenia
and vertigo. In most of the cases, the infection is asymptomatic and self-limited. One of the largest known
outbreaks of the virus was reported in French Polynesia, south pacific in October 2013. At the beginning of
2016, more than 52 countries have had reported the active transmission of the Zika virus. In general, there
are two transmission modes for the Zika infection: Vector-borne transmission and Non-vector-borne
transmission. Some diagnostic tests for Zika infection are RT-PCR, ELISA, and PRNT. Up to now, there is
no specific antiviral medicine for the treatment of Zika infection and also no vaccine is available for
immunization. As far as we know, more than half of the world’s people live in areas where the Aedes
mosquito lives. There is a probability occurrence of the Zika virus epidemic at any time and in any place
without prior notice in today’s “global village”. Therefore, health systems in all the involved countries
should implement better triage and early warning surveillance systems for morbid cases of Zika to prevent
large epidemics and the spread of the virus among mosquitoes and finally to avoid its disastrous
consequences.