TY - JOUR
AR - JDOA-2020-1-105
TI - The Effect of Dental Enamel Pre-Etching for Self-Etching Adhesives According to their Primer pH: An In Vitro Bond Strength, Etching Pattern and Adhesive Failure Evaluation
AU - Ana I., Nicolas-Silvente 
AU - Fernando , Chiva-Garcia
AU - Arturo , Sanchez-Perez
JO - Journal of Dentistry Open Access
PY - 2020
DA - Tue 30, Jun 2020
SN - 2674-4155
DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.31487/j.JDOA.2020.01.05
UR - https://www.sciencerepository.org/the-effect-of-dental-enamel-pre-etching-for-self-etching_JDOA-2020-1-105 
KW - Adhesive failure, adhesive interface, enamel pre-etching, etching pattern, self-etching adhesive, shear bond strength
AB - Dental enamel pre-etching before the application of a self-etching adhesive (SEA) has different effects
depending on the pH of the adhesive acidic monomer, being not always beneficial. This study aimed to
evaluate the shear bond strength (SBS), etching pattern, and fracture type of different acidity SEAs, with
and without previous phosphoric acid etching. One-hundred-sixty bovine incisors were subjected to SBS
testing with the following adhesive systems: Adper-Prompt-L-Pop (APLP) (strong acidity), Futurabond NR
(FB), AdheSE One F (AD) (intermediary acidity) and Clearfil SE (CSE) (mild acidity), with and without
previous phosphoric acid etching. Results were evaluated applying both ANOVA and Tukey’s test. Besides,
forty bovine incisors were used to assess etching patterns using scanning-electron-microscopy (SEM).
Adhesive failure was evaluated, classifying bond failure as one of five types. SBS averages were (MPa):
without pre-etching: APLP (20.61±11.84), CSE (17.29±10.16), FB (11.44±6.99), AD (7.88±4.85) and with
pre-etching: APLP (16.17±9.68), CSE (25.96±11.75), FB (20.12±9.39), AD (14,28±9.42). Different enamel
etching patterns were observed depending on each SEA’s pH and whether the surface was pre-etched. Most
fracture failures were adhesive type. Less than 10 % were cohesive type. SBS improves when mild and
intermediary strength SEAs are pre-etched. However, it decreases when strong SEAs are pre-etched.