Yalda  Ravanshad,Mohadese  Golsorkhi,Anoush Azarfar,Azam  Ghezi,Sahar  Ravanshad,Gholamreza  Sarvari,Sepideh  Seyedkaboli,
Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Children Diagnosed with LowGrade (I-III) Vesicoureteral Reflux
Clinical and Experimental Investigations
2020
2674-5054
http://dx.doi.org/10.31487/j.CEI.2020.02.02
https://www.sciencerepository.org/clinical-significance-of-antibiotic-prophylaxis-in-children-diagnosed-with-low_CEI-2020-2-102 
Abstract: Objective: The benefit of continuing and low-dose antibiotic therapy in urinary tract infection (UTI)
prevention and renal injury for children diagnosed with primary vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is not obvious.
Materials and Methods: Patients aged between 2 to 71 months with VUR grade I–III with UTI proved
microbiologically were randomly classified into two groups to receive either antibiotic prophylaxis (50
mg/kg cephalexin) daily or nothing at all for one year. The main outcome was symptomatic UTI confirmed
by lab tests.
Results: A total of 60 children diagnosed with VUR grade I through III were enrolled in this study; At least
five (17%) symptomatic UTI reported in 29 patients receiving antibiotic prophylaxis and four (12%) in 31
patients receiving no antibiotics at all. Results revealed that continuing and low-dose antibiotic prophylaxis
does not significantly reduce the risk of symptomatic UTI in children with mild to moderate VUR.
Conclusion: The use of antibiotic prophylaxis in preventing recurrent infections and kidney scar formation
in children with VUR grade I-III is not supported by this study.
Keywords: Vesicoureteral reflux, antibiotic prophylaxis, urinary tract infection