Monika  Devanaboyina,Nealie  Ngo,Rakan  Albalawy, Louis  Filipiak,Hannah  Staats,Laura  Stanbery,Danae  Hamouda,John  Nemunaitis,
Immune Response Role of Angiogenesis Inhibitors
Clinical Oncology and Research
2021
2613-4942
http://dx.doi.org/10.31487/j.COR.2021.02.01
https://www.sciencerepository.org/immune-response-role-of-angiogenesis-inhibitors_COR-2021-2-101 
Abstract: Angiogenesis plays an important role in tumor growth. Established vasculature provides a supply of
nutrients and other necessary survival factors for tumor cell maintenance. In addition, immune factors with
capacity to both decrease immune activity leading to cancer suppression and to increase anticancer response
are provided via VEGF stimulated angiogenesis. However, VEGF provides more than angiogenesis
stimulation; it is itself a growth factor with activity to also decrease the stimulation of dendritic cells (DCs)
and T cells involved in anti-cancer mechanisms. As such inhibition of VEGF provides immune therapeutic
advantage. This was well demonstrated by IFN-ɣ ELISPOT assay in which T lymphocytes antitumor
response was measured against multiple myeloma cells following exposure to myeloma lysate-loaded
dendric cells. Block of VEGF lead to enhanced T lymphocyte anticancer immune response. Through
stimulation of the immune system angiogenesis inhibitors can work in conjunction with immunotherapy,
chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy. Recent clinical trials in advanced renal cell carcinoma, non-small
cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and hepatocellular carcinoma have evidenced improved outcomes due to an
immune enhancing effect with angiogenesis inhibition and in particular immune checkpoint blockade
treatment.
Keywords:  Angiogenesis, VEGF, autologous tumor vaccine, bevacizumab