Ichiro Kawahata,Kazuko  Hasegawa,Ruriko Kase,
Music and Dopamine – Potential in Movement Disorders
Journal of Brain and Nerves
2020
2733-2284
http://dx.doi.org/10.31487/j.JBN.2020.01.02
https://www.sciencerepository.org/music-and-dopamine_JBN-2020-1-102 
Abstract: Most people have been deriving pleasure from music since long ago. Music is deeply associated with human
communication and language. Music had also been popular as therapy in early history. How can we feel
happiness or sadness when we listen to music? Scientifically, the dorsal and ventral striatum release
dopamine when listening to pleasurable music. The activity in these structures is known to associate with
the reward system of the human brain. Moreover, the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system regulates our motor
function, and this is the very part that is damaged in the movement disorders. In this article, we review the
potent role of music from the viewpoint of the dopaminergic system. We also describe the molecular
mechanism of the dopaminergic pathogenesis and suggest the potent ability of music for the therapy of
Parkinson's disease and related movement disorders.Keywords: Parkinson’s disease, movement disorders, dopamine, tyrosine hydroxylase, ubiquitin-proteasome system, brain function, music, music therapy