Alemu  Fite,Luchen  Wang,Berhane Seyoum,
Vitamin D Deficiency is Associated with Metabolic Syndrome
Journal of Diabetes Metabolism and its Complications
2020
2674-4163
http://dx.doi.org/10.31487/j.JDMC.2020.01.03
https://www.sciencerepository.org/vitamin-d-deficiency-is-associated-with-metabolic-syndrome_JDMC-2020-1-103 
Abstract: Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS), insulin resistance (IR) and diabetes mellitus (DM) are highly
interrelated abnormalities seeking multidisciplinary public health interventions. Vitamin D has recently
gained attention as a protective factor for MetS, IR, DM and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). However,
there is no clearly defined mechanism of action, and supplementation guidelines on vitamin D (VD) in
either prevention or treatment against MetS, IR, DM and CVD. The purpose of this study is to determine
the strength of association between VD and MetS, IR, and DM in the general U.S. population.
Methods: The study was done using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)
2005-2006 data. NHANES data represent the civilian, non-institutionalized US population. Subject
recruitment was based on a multistage, stratified sampling method. Regression models were used to
determine the relationship of vitamin D with DM, MetS and IR.
Results: We found a consistent observation in which VD deficiency was significantly associated with
DM (OR=2.16), MetS (OR=2.09) and IR (OR=1.83). Female gender, older age, and overweight - all
positively associated with DM, MetS or IR.
Conclusion: The inverse relationship of VD status with MetS, IR and DM indicates a strong support of
increasing vitamin D intake as an inexpensive intervention strategy in the national endeavor to reduce
the burden of MetS, IR, DM, and its complications.Keywords: Metabolic syndrome, diabetes, vitamin D, vitamin D deficiency