Alberico  Marielisa,Bellizzi  Annamaria,Benigni  Giovanni,Botticella  Filomena,C.A.  Tammaro,Capaldo  Guglielmo,Corbo  Antonio,Corbo  Giulia,De Caro  Monica,Dragonetti  Carmela,Ferrara  Maurizio,Fiori Patrizia,Gennaro  Bellizzi,Gizzi  Raffaele,Guerriero  Barbara,Iorillo   Luigi,L.M.  Giannetti,Manganelli  Gianvito,Massarelli  Marco,Mazza  Emerico,Minichiello  Stefania,Monaco  Antonio,Morella  Alessandro,Pace  Erminio,Pellecchia  Vincenzo,Pelosi  Chiara,Savino  Patrizia,
Central Genesis of Dysrhythmia
Neurology and Neurobiology
2020
2613-7828
http://dx.doi.org/10.31487/j.NNB.2020.02.02
https://www.sciencerepository.org/central-genesis-of-dysrhythmia_NNB-2020-2-102 
Abstract: Introduction: The central nervous system is the generator of the dynamic balance between cholinergic and
noradrenergic activity. Different behavioral tendencies are observed in subjects with prevalent parasympatic
tone (defense strategy, energy sparing, dissociation) compared to those with sympathic one (relational
interaction, high energy expenditure). These responses may influence susceptibility and vulnerability to
diseases. The aim of our study was to examine cardiovascular function from the heart to the periphery by
24 hours detection of both heart and pulse rate in cerebrovascular conditions.
Materials and Methods: We recruited 113 Acute Ischaemic Syndromes (AIS, age 73,43 sd 12,34), 32
Chronic Cerebro-Vascular Diseases (CCVD, age 75,95 sd 8,06), 30 Other Neurological Diseases (OND,
age 50,09 sd 15,05). Cardiovascular reactivity (CR) was defined by beat indices, ratio (R) or difference (D)
between higher maximal or minimal heart rate (HR) on higher maximal or minimal pulse rate (PR). A value
< 1 or > 1 were considered as negative (NCR) or positive CR (PCR), respectively.
Results: Max PR was significantly higher in CCVD and AIS compared to OND. Max CR was lower in
CCVD and AIS compared to OND. Increased levels of glycosylated hemoglobin, cardiac biomarkers,
abnormal findings at Holter ECG and Echocardiography were particularly observed in case of NCR.
Conclusions: NCR may interfere with normal activity of daily living. Higher Hachinski ischaemic scores
in these patients point out a higher ischaemic load. Moreover, NCR identified a category of acute patients
with worst outcomes, requiring prompt intensive care because of higher risk of complications and mortality.
Our observations may be useful for better choosing among therapeutical options, planning rehabilitation
and health enhancing physical activity in aging. Moreover, they may reduce the risk of injuries for training
overload in athletes.Keywords: Acute ischaemic syndromes, chronic cerebro-vascular diseases, cardiovascular reactivity, cardiac biomarkers, glycosylated haemoglobin, inflammatory parameters