Antonino Maria  Cotroneo,Pietro Gareri,Valeria Graziella  Laura Manfredi,
From Neuroinflammation to Neuroprotection: Focus on Potential New Therapeutic Targets in Cognitive Impairment
Neurology and Neurobiology
2020
2613-7828
http://dx.doi.org/10.31487/j.NNB.2020.02.10
https://www.sciencerepository.org/from-neuroinflammation-to-neuroprotection-focus-on-potential-new-therapeutic-targets-in-cognitive-impairment_NNB-2020-2-110 
Abstract: Neurodegeneration is closely linked to neuroinflammation. It is often associated with oxidative stress and
meaningful changes in cell energy metabolism. Neuroinflammation is due to non-neuronal cell activation
(microglia, astrocytes, mast cells) activation and proliferation. Also, it is associated with pro-inflammatory
substances release, able to modify synaptic plasticity. Microglia and astrocytes activation lead to toxic
agent’s release (reactive oxygen species, inflammatory cytokines); however, the final target of this process
is the cholinergic neuron. A number of substances can promote neuroprotection; recent scientific evidence
focuses on the role of sirtuins. In particular, SIRT1 is activated by caloric restriction, NAD biosynthesis and
different activators, called STACs (Sirtuin Activating Compounds). Citicoline is one of the most powerful
STACs. It has been widely shown to possess neuroprotective action, and lots of studies strengthened its
possible role.Keywords: Neuroinflammation, neuroprotection, cholinergic precursors