Markus  Rövekamp,Stefan  Volkenstein,Amir  Minovi,Aliana  Neubaur,Stefan  Dazert,Mirko  Aach,Thomas  Armin Schildhauer,Manfred  Köller,Christina Sengstock,
Olfactory Stem Cells for the Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury: Isolation, Purification and Behaviour in a Plasma Clot Matrix
International Journal of Regenerative Medicine
2020
2613-5914
http://dx.doi.org/10.31487/j.RGM.2020.02.04
https://www.sciencerepository.org/olfactory-stem-cells-for-the-treatment-of-spinal-cord-injury_RGM-2020-2-104 
Abstract: Cell therapies represent promising strategies to improve neurological functions after spinal cord injury
(SCI). Olfactory mucosa (OM) might be an attractive source of multipotent cells for neuroregeneration
because olfactory stem cells (OSCs) are resident. The regenerative capacity of OSCs has been demonstrated
in animal models and some clinical case reports. Up to now, there are no standard methods for purification,
characterization, and delivery of OSCs to the injury site. However, purification and characterization of the
grafted cells are prerequisites for clinical use to ensure maximum safety for the patients. In this study, we
isolated and purified OSCs from human OM using the neurosphere assay. Subsequently, the cells were
characterized, and the behavior of purified OSCs in a plasma clot was investigated. Our study demonstrated
that isolated cells from OM form neurospheres, which cells are positive for CD105 (98%) and CD90 (99%)
and negative for Epcam (<1%) and MUC5AC (<1%). Purified OSCs were positive for Nestin, CD44 as well
as GFAP and showed a lack of CD34 and CD45 expression. OSCs differentiated into neuron-like cells
expressing ß-III tubulin. However, differentiation into adipocytes, chondrocytes or osteoblast could not be
observed. In addition, OSCs stayed viable and were able to proliferate within the plasma clot. These results
highlight OSC as a candidate for autologous transplantation in combination with the plasma clot as a cell
carrier in SCI and neurodegenerative disease.Keywords: Olfactory mucosa, olfactory stem cells, cell therapy, plasma clot matrix, autologous cell transplantation, spinal cord injury